I’m not certain whether our Cards crawler can in fact support a URL in that extended format. If no image is showing up at all, that could be the issue. I’d need to talk to the Cards team to check on this in more detail.
One other thought that comes to mind is to ask whether you’re trying to modify an image in an existing page that has cards markup, or trying to do this on a “fresh” page. Twitter Cards have a caching mechanism (explained in the troubleshooting guide), so if you’re not seeing an image update, it might be related to the 14 day refresh period.