Hello Patrick,
If you main goal is to display an image, you can use a [node:15945]. Regardless of the type of Twitter Cards that you use, they all support App Installs and Deep Linking as mentioned in the link you shared in your message.
What you have to do is implement a Twitter Card such as a Photo Card, and provide the additional meta tags to describe your app ID, URL and name for iPhone, iPad, Android.
Let us know if you have any further questions.