The public API (REST and Streaming) do not offer access to Tweets older than 1 year. The Search API enables you to search for Tweets up to a week old. The Streaming API lets you receive current / realtime Tweets. The language you are using does not matter.
For historical data, you will need to use one of the commercial APIs from Gnip (full archive search, or historical PowerTrack). Gnip is Twitter’s data business.