I was hoping for something that can be used as a SRC attribute, but they seem to have removed this functionality on purpose. Found this reply at the “Discussion around Planning API v1’s Retirement” discussion:
@episod
There is no direct way to use API v1.1 for just profile images – API v1’s feature that provided this was often used in unintended ways counter to the documentation, as the SRC attribute in IMG tags. You’ll need to make authenticated requests to canonical sources of user information (users/show or users/lookup) to retrieve the most recent profile image URL, then use the instructions in User Profile Images and Banners to derive the version you’re looking for.